COLLECTIVE ACTION AND JP MOVEMENT

When people engage themselves in collective action they bring about difference or resist social,political and economic change.While some of them are routine or non-violent but some others use social unrest and violence to bring about change in the present structure.JP movement of 1970s was one of the examples of second type.JAIPRAKASH NARAYAN lead the movement of students after three decades of his silence(after the quit India movement of 1942) of his active socio-political life and gave a call to the nation(GADHI CHORO KI JANTA AATI HAI) against the autocratic rule of mother-son duo.National emergency was imposed on the night of 26th June 1975 and most of the opposition leaders including JP were jailed.This movement was tried to brutally suppressed.But,when the movement turned violent in Bihar,Gujarat,UP,MP and other parts of India,emergency was withdrawn and fresh elections were held.After those elections a new breed of socialist leaders like-Madhu Dandwate,George Fernandes,Madhu Limye,Lalu-Mulayam,Ramvilas and many others came on the front.First non-congress govt. under the leadership of Morarji Bhai was formed.And,an alternative to the congress party emerged.At the same time Mandal Commission was also formed.On the recommendation of which reservation for backward castes was implemented in the early 1990s.This implementation was not just a tool for giving jobs to the back-benchers of the society,but increased their reprentation on many socio-economic and political forums.